While reflecting back on what has been achieved during past twenty odd years of Sri Lanka’s period of the demographic dividend, it is important to

understand and to carve out the necessary policy measures to reap the benefits of investments for the next years. If this opportunity is missed out, the

policy makers will have to address the consequences of a possible demographic turbulence marked by an increasing dependency and which could depress

the country’s economic development. This policy brief explains the results of the investments made during the first phase of Sri Lanka’s demographic dividend in several areas: health,education, infrastructure and employment. At the same time, it also stresses the requirement of further investments for youth and women in order to

sustain strong economic development. Finally, this paper is suggesting measures for the post-demographic dividend phase in Sri Lanka .